HISTOMORPHOLOGICAL PATTERN OF UROLOGIC MALIGNANCIES IN ILE-IFE, SOUTH-WESTERN NIGERIA

M.C Igbokwe1, T.A Badmus1, A.A Salako1, A.O Komolafe2, R.A David3, O.Z Omoyiola2, A Laoye3, I.A Akinbola3, C.I. Onyeze3 and R.N Babalola3

  1. Department of Surgery, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife/Urology Unit, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
  2. Department of Histopathology and Forensic Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
  3. Urology Unit, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.

Abstract

Introduction: The last decade witnessed a remarkable rise in the prevalence of several malignant diseases in Nigeria. Whether Urologic malignancies (UM) have followed the same trend remains to be studied. The pattern of UM diagnosed in a Nigerian tertiary hospital is hereby presented. Our aim was to determine the pattern and prevalence of histologically diagnosed UM in Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex. Ile-Ife, Nigeria.

Materials and Methods: A 10-year retrospective review of all patients diagnosed with UM was carried out between January 2005 and December 2014. Data was obtained from the patients’ case files and the Ife-Ijesha Cancer registry. Information obtained included demographic characteristics, site of origin and histology. Data was analysed with Statistical package for Social sciences (SPSS) Version 20.

Results: A total of 4675 malignancies were histologically confirmed during the study period. UM accounted for 420 (8.9%) of total malignancies. Prostate cancer was the commonest UM with 315 (75%) cases. Others include renal tumours 62(14.8%), bladder tumours 29 (6.9%), testicular tumours 13(3.1%) and scrotal tumour 1(0.2%). UM were commoner in males (348, 88.8%) than females (47, 11.2%) and accounted for 13.8% and 2.18% of all tumours in males and females respectively.

Conclusion: This study revealed a rising prevalence of UM most especially Prostate and Renal Cancers among other malignancies in Ile-Ife.

Keywords: Pattern, Urologic malignancies, Ile-Ife.

Correspondence:

Dr. M.C. Igbokwe
Department of Surgery,
Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife/
Urology Unit, Obafemi Awolowo University
Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife,
Nigeria
Email: martini4life@yahoo.com

Introduction

Urologic malignancies (UM) are encountered worldwide with varying patterns and prevalence1. UM are major causes of morbidity and mortality with a significant effect on age-adjusted life years in afflicted individuals2. Technological advancement in diagnostic modalities, minimal access surgery and modern drugs have changed the face of diagnosis and treatment of UM2. Nigeria, the most populous black nation in the world has witnessed an increasing burden of UM in the past decade especially Prostate cancer (PCa)3, 4.

Reports from tertiary centres in different geo-political zones of Nigeria have shown some epidemiological peculiarities in the pattern of UM with higher reports of bladder cancer in the Northern part of Nigeria5. In the oil-rich Southern Nigeria, certain genetic predisposing factors and environmental exposure have been alluded to in the aetio-pathogenesis of some UM6, 7.

From previous studies, UM account for a significant burden of cancer patients in Nigeria. Prostate and bladder cancer have been shown to be the commonest malignancies across Nigeria in papers from Southsouth and North-western Nigeria respectively5, 8. There is however paucity of information on the recent pattern of UM in South-western Nigeria.

This study aims to analyse the pattern of GUM diagnosed at the Ife-Ijesha cancer registry over a 10- year period.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
A 10-year retrospective review of all patients with histological diagnosis of GUM between January 2005 and December 2014 at Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife was done. Data was obtained from the patients case files and the Ife- Ijesha Cancer registry. Information obtained include demographic characteristics, site of origin and histologic details. The diagnosis was based on the World Health Organization’s classification of varied urological cancers. Data was analysed with Statistical package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 20.