M. Balogun
Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan and Consultant, Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgeon, University College Hospital, Ibadan.
Abstract
Introduction: Trauma and trauma-related injuries are rife worldwide and constitutes part of the most common cause of hospital admission. Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 is produced by several array of cells in acute traumatic injury and tissue repair.
Materials and Method: This research is a prospective hospital-based study carried out at a tertiary hospital in south western Nigeria. Patients admitted through the Emergency department were categorized based on the inclusion criteria. Those eligible for inclusion were recruited and had their blood samples taken into an endotoxin free test tube at 48 +/- 2 hours after trauma. MCP-1 levels in the serum was estimated though the Human MCP-1 ELISA kit. This process was carried out using the ELISA technique based on the manufacturer’s guide.
Results: The samples of 110 patients were analyzed, patient with the highest combination of injury had injuries to the Head and Neck, Face, chest, Abdomen, Extremity fractures and skin with MCP-1 value of 463pg/ml. The test of relationship using the F-test (0.299), and P-value (1.000) does not demonstrate any correlation between patterns of injury to MCP-1 values in polytrauma patients.
Conclusion: The study showed no significant relationship between the patterns of injury in polytrauma patients with serum MCP-1
Keywords: Polytrauma, Fractures, Pattern of injury, MCP-1
Correspondence:
Dr. M. Balogun
Department of Surgery,
College of Medicine,
University of Ibadan and
Consultant Trauma and
Orthopaedic Surgeon,
University College Hospital,
Ibadan
Email: mosibalogun@gmail.com
Submission Date: 23rd Feb., 2024
Date of Acceptance: 1st Aug., 2024
Publication Date: 30th Aug., 2024
Introduction
Injuries to numerous organ systems, at least one of which poses a threat to life, are referred to as polytrauma.1 The most frequent reason for admission to the hospital includes trauma and trauma-related injuries worldwide. Male adults have a higher prevalence of polytrauma and the deaths that emanate from it, in part because of their adaptability and participation in risky behavioral patterns.2,3
A family of chemokines known as monocyte chemoattractant protein includes at least four members: MCP-1, MCP-2, MCP-3, and MCP-4. On chromosome 17, the human MCP-1 structure was originally discovered in 1997. (Chr.17, q11.2). It is 13KDa in size and it is made up of 76 amino acids.4 Numerous types of cells, including endothelial, fibroblast, epithelial, smooth muscle, and astrocytic cells, are known to elaborate monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 following trauma as part of the body’s response for survival. The polymorphonuclear cells play a key role in the chain of events, followed by the monocyte.5,6,7 Initiating tissue repair through a series of coordinated steps, the body mounts an immune response involving both innate (MCP-1 and other inflammatory chemokines) and adaptive immunity types. In addition, blood levels of innate humoral factors like IL-6 and IL-8 increase as a result of tissue injury. This increase in patients with multiple injuries is really significant.7,8 There is evidence to support the claim that after injury, MCP-1 levels rise in the body and the maximum expression was observed between 12 hours and 48 hours.9,10 Different organ systems of the body have different inflammatory mediators, and after brain injury, an increase in MCP-1 has also been noted.11,12
Whilst the role of MCP-1 in inflammatory processes has been established by previous studies, this study seeks to explore further any relationship between MCP-1 and various pattern of injuries in the polytraumatized patients.